El estilo directo reproduce la información de una conversación repitiendo las mismas palabras empleadas a lo largo del diálogo.
Direct speech: He said: 'I lost my mobile yesterday'.
El estilo indirecto reproduce la información modificando la forma de la conversación pero manteniendo el contenido.
Indirect speech: He said (that) he had lost his mobile the day before.
Como ves para pasar una oración de estilo directo a indirecto hay que tener en cuenta varios cambios:
- Los pronombres
- Los tiempos verbales
- Los adverbios y demostrativos.
Las oraciones en estilo indirecto se introducen con un verbo como say o tell y con la partícula that, que puede omitirse. Pero fíjate en la diferencia:
I said to my mother (that) I wanted to go to London that summer.
I said that I wanted to go to London that summer.
I told my mother (that) I wanted to go to London that summer.
El verbo tell necesita un objeto mientras que el verbo say no lo necesita. Si aparece un objeto en la oración con say utilizamos la preposición to.
CAMBIOS:
1. PRONOMBRES Y POSESIVOS:
Los pronombres y posesivos pasan de la primera persona a la tercera.
I - he, her; we - they
my - his, her; our - their.
2. TIEMPOS VERBALES:
Los tiempos verbales en el estilo indirecto cambian a su correspondiente en el pasado:
SIMPLE PRESENT ----- SIMPLE PAST
'I never eat meat', he explained. ----- He explained that he never ate meat.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS ----- PAST CONTINUOUS
'I'm waiting for Ann', he said. ----- He said that he was waiting for Ann.
PRESENT PERFECT ----- PAST PERFECT
'I have found you a flat', he said ----- He said that he had found a flat.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ----- PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
He said: 'I've been waiting for ages' ----- He said that he had been waiting for ages.
SIMPLE PAST ----- PAST PERFECT
'John phoned' ----- She told me that John had phoned.
FUTURE ----- CONDITIONAL
He said: 'I'll be there on Monday' ----- He said that he would be there on Monday.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS ----- CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
'I'll be using my car' she said ----- She said she would be using her car.
CAN -----COULD
'I can play the piano' the child said ----- The child said that he could play the piano.
MAY ----- MIGHT
'I may come tomorrow' my mum said ----- My mum said that she might come the following day.
MUST ----- HAD TO
'She must wear a uniform' the director said ----- The director said that she had to wear a uniform.
Los demás verbos modales no cambian cuando pasamos una oración de estilo directo a indirecto.
3. ADVERBIOS Y DEMOSTRATIVOS:
ESTILO DIRECTO ----- ESTILO INDIRECTO
Tomorrow ----- the next day, the following day.
Yesterday ----- the day before, the previous day.
Here ----- There
This / that ----- The
This morning ----- That morning
Today ----- That day
Tonight ----- That night
Next / On Tuesday ----- the following Tuesday
Last Tuesday ----- the previous Tuesday
The day after tomorrow ----- In two days' time
ago ----- before / previous
Now ----- then
This ----- That
These ----- Those
Aquí tienes algunos ejercicios para practicar:
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